{"id":1120,"date":"2025-02-01T08:29:17","date_gmt":"2025-02-01T08:29:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.freelifemakers.org\/wordpress\/?p=1120"},"modified":"2026-02-04T11:58:20","modified_gmt":"2026-02-04T02:58:20","slug":"basic-linux-commands","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.freelifemakers.org\/wordpress\/index.php\/2025\/02\/01\/basic-linux-commands\/","title":{"rendered":"[linux]\ub9ac\ub205\uc2a4 \uae30\ucd08 \uba85\ub839\uc5b4 \/ Basic Linux Commands"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>\ub9ac\ub205\uc2a4 \uae30\ucd08 \uba85\ub839\uc5b4<\/strong><br>\ub9ac\ub205\uc2a4\ub294 \uba85\ub839\uc5b4 \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \uc6b4\uc601\uccb4\uc81c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc708\ub3c4\uc6b0\ub098 macOS\uc640\ub294 \ub2ec\ub9ac, \ub9c8\uc6b0\uc2a4 \ud074\ub9ad \ub300\uc2e0 \uba85\ub839\uc5b4\ub97c \uc785\ub825\ud558\uc5ec \uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ucc98\uc74c\uc5d0\ub294 \ub0af\uc124 \uc218 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc775\uc219\ud574\uc9c0\uba74 \ube60\ub974\uace0 \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc778 \uc791\uc5c5\uc774 \uac00\ub2a5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.<strong>\ud30c\uc77c \ubc0f \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac \uad00\ub828 \uba85\ub839\uc5b4<\/strong><br>\u2714\ufe0fls (list)<br>\ud604\uc7ac \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\uc758 \ud30c\uc77c \ubc0f \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac \ubaa9\ub85d\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">ls: \ud604\uc7ac \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\uc758 \ud30c\uc77c \ubc0f \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac \ubaa9\ub85d\uc744 \uac04\ub7b5\ud558\uac8c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>ls -l: \ud30c\uc77c \ubc0f \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc0c1\uc138 \uc815\ubcf4(\uad8c\ud55c, \uc18c\uc720\uc790, \ud06c\uae30, \uc218\uc815 \ub0a0\uc9dc \ub4f1)\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>ls -a: \uc228\uaca8\uc9c4 \ud30c\uc77c \ubc0f \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ubaa9\ub85d\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>ls -al: \uc704 \ub450 \uc635\uc158\uc744 \ud568\uaed8 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc0c1\uc138 \uc815\ubcf4\uc640 \uc228\uaca8\uc9c4 \ud30c\uc77c\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u2714\ufe0fcd (change directory) : \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub97c \ubcc0\uacbd\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">cd [\ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac]: \uc9c0\uc815\ub41c \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub85c \uc774\ub3d9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>cd ..: \uc0c1\uc704 \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub85c \uc774\ub3d9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>cd: \ud648 \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub85c \uc774\ub3d9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u2714\ufe0f pwd (print working directory)<br>\ud604\uc7ac \uc791\uc5c5 \uc911\uc778 \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\uc758 \uacbd\ub85c\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2714\ufe0f mkdir (make directory)<br>\uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">mkdir [\ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac]: \uc9c0\uc815\ub41c \uc774\ub984\uc758 \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u2714\ufe0frmdir (remove directory)<br>\ube48 \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub97c \uc0ad\uc81c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rmdir [\ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac]: \uc9c0\uc815\ub41c \uc774\ub984\uc758 \ube48 \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub97c \uc0ad\uc81c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u2714\ufe0frm (remove)<br>\ud30c\uc77c \ub610\ub294 \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub97c \uc0ad\uc81c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>rm &#91;\ud30c\uc77c]: \uc9c0\uc815\ub41c \ud30c\uc77c\uc744 \uc0ad\uc81c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\nrm -r &#91;\ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac]: \uc9c0\uc815\ub41c \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\uc640 \uadf8 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc0ad\uc81c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. (\uc8fc\uc758: -r \uc635\uc158\uc740 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uac15\ub825\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uc2e0\uc911\ud558\uac8c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u2714\ufe0f cp (copy)<br>\ud30c\uc77c \ub610\ub294 \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub97c \ubcf5\uc0ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">cp [\uc6d0\ubcf8 \ud30c\uc77c] [\ub300\uc0c1 \ud30c\uc77c]: \uc6d0\ubcf8 \ud30c\uc77c\uc744 \ub300\uc0c1 \ud30c\uc77c\ub85c \ubcf5\uc0ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>cp -r [\uc6d0\ubcf8 \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac] [\ub300\uc0c1 \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac]: \uc6d0\ubcf8 \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub97c \ub300\uc0c1 \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub85c \ubcf5\uc0ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u2714\ufe0fmv (move)<br>\ud30c\uc77c \ub610\ub294 \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub97c \uc774\ub3d9\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \ubcc0\uacbd\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">mv [\uc6d0\ubcf8 \ud30c\uc77c] [\ub300\uc0c1 \ud30c\uc77c]: \uc6d0\ubcf8 \ud30c\uc77c\uc744 \ub300\uc0c1 \ud30c\uc77c\ub85c \uc774\ub3d9\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \ubcc0\uacbd\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>mv [\uc6d0\ubcf8 \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac] [\ub300\uc0c1 \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac]: \uc6d0\ubcf8 \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub97c \ub300\uc0c1 \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\ub85c \uc774\ub3d9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.<strong>\ud30c\uc77c \ub0b4\uc6a9 \ud655\uc778 \ubc0f \ud3b8\uc9d1 \uba85\ub839\uc5b4<\/strong><br>cat (concatenate)<br>\ud30c\uc77c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ud654\uba74\uc5d0 \ucd9c\ub825\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">\ncat [\ud30c\uc77c]: \uc9c0\uc815\ub41c \ud30c\uc77c\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ud654\uba74\uc5d0 \ucd9c\ub825\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\nless\n\ud30c\uc77c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ud398\uc774\uc9c0 \ub2e8\uc704\ub85c \ub04a\uc5b4\uc11c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n\nless [\ud30c\uc77c]: \uc9c0\uc815\ub41c \ud30c\uc77c\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ud398\uc774\uc9c0 \ub2e8\uc704\ub85c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4. (Space \ud0a4\ub85c \ub2e4\uc74c \ud398\uc774\uc9c0, Q \ud0a4\ub85c \uc885\ub8cc)\nhead\n\ud30c\uc77c\uc758 \uc55e\ubd80\ubd84 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n\nhead [\ud30c\uc77c]: \uc9c0\uc815\ub41c \ud30c\uc77c\uc758 \uc55e 10\uc904\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.\nhead -n [\uc22b\uc790] [\ud30c\uc77c]: \uc9c0\uc815\ub41c \ud30c\uc77c\uc758 \uc55e [\uc22b\uc790] \uc904\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ntail\n\ud30c\uc77c\uc758 \ub4b7\ubd80\ubd84 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n\ntail [\ud30c\uc77c]: \uc9c0\uc815\ub41c \ud30c\uc77c\uc758 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 10\uc904\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ntail -n [\uc22b\uc790] [\ud30c\uc77c]: \uc9c0\uc815\ub41c \ud30c\uc77c\uc758 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 [\uc22b\uc790] \uc904\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.\nvi (visual editor)\n\ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ud3b8\uc9d1\uae30\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n\nvi [\ud30c\uc77c]: \uc9c0\uc815\ub41c \ud30c\uc77c\uc744 vi \ud3b8\uc9d1\uae30\ub85c \uc5fd\ub2c8\ub2e4. (i \ud0a4\ub85c \uc785\ub825 \ubaa8\ub4dc, Esc \ud0a4\ub85c \uba85\ub839 \ubaa8\ub4dc, :wq\ub85c \uc800\uc7a5 \ud6c4 \uc885\ub8cc)\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>3.<strong>\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \uad00\ub9ac \uba85\ub839\uc5b4<\/strong><br>ps (process status)<br>\ud604\uc7ac \uc2e4\ud589 \uc911\uc778 \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4 \ubaa9\ub85d\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">ps: \ud604\uc7ac \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4 \ubaa9\ub85d\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>ps -ef: \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4 \ubaa9\ub85d\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>top<br>\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc758 \uc804\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br><br>kill<br>\uc9c0\uc815\ub41c \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\ub97c \uc885\ub8cc\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br><br>kill [\ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4 ID]: \uc9c0\uc815\ub41c \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4 ID\ub97c \uac00\uc9c4 \ud504\ub85c\uc138\uc2a4\ub97c \uc885\ub8cc\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>df (disk free)<br>\ub514\uc2a4\ud06c \uacf5\uac04 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br><br>du (disk usage)<br>\ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\ubcc4 \ub514\uc2a4\ud06c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub7c9\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br><br>ifconfig (interface configuration)<br>\ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uc778\ud130\ud398\uc774\uc2a4 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br><br>ping<br>\uc9c0\uc815\ub41c \ud638\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc640 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uc5f0\uacb0 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br><br>ping [\ud638\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc8fc\uc18c]: \uc9c0\uc815\ub41c \ud638\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc8fc\uc18c\ub85c ping\uc744 \ubcf4\ub0b4\uc11c \uc5f0\uacb0 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>4.\uae30\ud0c0 \uc720\uc6a9\ud55c \uba85\ub839\uc5b4<br>man (manual)<br>\uba85\ub839\uc5b4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub3c4\uc6c0\ub9d0\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>man [\uba85\ub839\uc5b4]: \uc9c0\uc815\ub41c \uba85\ub839\uc5b4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub3c4\uc6c0\ub9d0\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>clear<br>\ud130\ubbf8\ub110 \ud654\uba74\uc744 \uae68\ub057\ud558\uac8c \uc9c0\uc6c1\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>history<br>\uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uc785\ub825\ud588\ub358 \uba85\ub839\uc5b4 \ubaa9\ub85d\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>grep (global regular expression print)<br>\ud30c\uc77c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud2b9\uc815 \ubb38\uc790\uc5f4\uc744 \uac80\uc0c9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>grep [\ubb38\uc790\uc5f4] [\ud30c\uc77c]: \uc9c0\uc815\ub41c \ud30c\uc77c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud2b9\uc815 \ubb38\uc790\uc5f4\uc744 \uac80\uc0c9\ud558\uc5ec \ud574\ub2f9 \uc904\uc744 \ucd9c\ub825\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>\ud301<br>\ub9ac\ub205\uc2a4 \uba85\ub839\uc5b4\ub294 \ub300\uc18c\ubb38\uc790\ub97c \uad6c\ubd84\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>Tab \ud0a4\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uba85\ub839\uc5b4 \ub610\ub294 \ud30c\uc77c \uc774\ub984\uc744 \uc790\ub3d9 \uc644\uc131\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<br>Ctrl + C \ud0a4\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc2e4\ud589 \uc911\uc778 \uba85\ub839\uc5b4\ub97c \uac15\uc81c\ub85c \uc885\ub8cc\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5.\ub8e8\ud2b8 \ud328\uc2a4\uc6cc\ub4dc \ubcc0\uacbd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2714\ufe0f\uc77c\ubc18\uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub85c \ub85c\uadf8\uc778 \ud6c4 \ub8e8\ud2b8\ud328\uc2a4\uc6cc\ub4dc \ubcc0\uacbd\uc2dc<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo passwd root<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2714\ufe0f \ub8e8\ud2b8\ub85c \ub85c\uadf8\uc778\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ud328\uc2a4\uc6cc\ub4dc \ubcc0\uacbd\uc2dc<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">passwd<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Basic Linux Commands<\/strong><br>Linux is an operating system that operates on commands. Unlike Windows or macOS, which rely on mouse clicks, Linux uses commands to perform tasks. While this may seem unfamiliar at first, it allows for faster and more efficient work once you become accustomed to it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.<strong>File and Directory Related Commands<\/strong><br>\u2714\ufe0fls (list)<br>Displays a list of files and directories in the current directory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">ls: Briefly displays a list of files and directories in the current directory.<br>ls -l: Displays detailed information about files and directories (permissions, owner, size, modification date, etc.).<br>ls -a: Displays all lists, including hidden files and directories.<br>ls -al: Displays both detailed information and hidden files using the options above.<br>cd (change directory)<br>Changes the directory.<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2714\ufe0fcd [directory]: Moves to the specified directory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">cd ..: Moves to the parent directory.\ncd: Moves to the home directory.<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2714\ufe0fpwd (print working directory)<br>Displays the path of the current working directory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2714\ufe0fmkdir (make directory)<br>Creates a new directory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>mkdir &#91;directory]: Creates a directory with the specified name.\nrmdir (remove directory)\nDeletes an empty directory.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2714\ufe0frmdir [directory]: Deletes an empty directory with the specified name.<br>rm (remove)<br>Deletes a file or directory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rm [file]: Deletes the specified file.<br>rm -r [directory]: Deletes the specified directory and all its contents. (Caution: The -r option is very powerful and should be used with care.)<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u2714\ufe0fcp (copy)<br>Copies a file or directory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">cp [original file] [target file]: Copies the original file to the target file.<br>cp -r [original directory] [target directory]: Copies the original directory to the target directory.<br>mv (move)<br>Moves a file or directory or renames it.<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2714\ufe0fmv [original file] [target file]: Moves the original file to the target file or renames it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>mv &#91;original directory] &#91;target directory]: Moves the original directory to the target directory.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>2.<strong>Commands to Check and Edit File Content<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">cat (concatenate)<br>Outputs the file content to the screen.<br><br>cat [file]: Outputs the content of the specified file to the screen.<br>less<br>Shows file content by dividing it into pages.<br><br>less [file]: Shows the content of the specified file in page units. (Space key for the next page, Q key to exit)<br>head<br>Shows the content at the beginning of the file.<br><br>head [file]: Shows the first 10 lines of the specified file.<br>head -n [number] [file]: Shows the first [number] lines of the specified file.<br>tail<br>Shows the content at the end of the file.<br><br>tail [file]: Shows the last 10 lines of the specified file.<br>tail -n [number] [file]: Shows the last [number] lines of the specified file.<br>vi (visual editor)<br>Text editor.<br><br>vi [file]: Opens the specified file with the vi editor. (i key for input mode, Esc key for command mode, :wq to save and exit)<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>3.<strong>System Management Commands<\/strong><br>ps (process status)<br>Displays a list of currently running processes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">ps: Displays a list of the current user's processes.<br>ps -ef: Displays a list of all users' processes.<br>top<br>Shows the overall status of the system in real time.<br><br>kill<br>Terminates the specified process.<br><br>kill [process ID]: Terminates the process with the specified process ID.<br>df (disk free)<br>Displays disk space information.<br><br>du (disk usage)<br>Displays disk usage by directory.<br><br>ifconfig (interface configuration)<br>Displays network interface information.<br><br>ping<br>Checks the network connection status with the specified host.<br><br>ping [host address]: Sends a ping to the specified host address to check the connection status.<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>4.<strong>Other Useful Commands<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">man (manual)<br>Displays help for commands.<br><br>man [command]: Displays help for the specified command.<br>clear<br>Clears the terminal screen.<br><br>history<br>Displays a list of commands the user has entered.<br><br>grep (global regular expression print)<br>Searches for a specific string in a file.<br><br>grep [string] [file]: Searches for a specific string in the specified file and outputs the line.<br>Tips<br>Linux commands are case sensitive.<br>Use the Tab key to autocomplete commands or file names.<br>Use Ctrl + C keys to forcefully terminate a running command.<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5.Change root password<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2714\ufe0fWhen changing the root password after logging in as a general user<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sudo passwd root<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2714\ufe0fWhen changing your password while logged in as root<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">passwd<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ub9ac\ub205\uc2a4 \uae30\ucd08 \uba85\ub839\uc5b4\ub9ac\ub205\uc2a4\ub294 \uba85\ub839\uc5b4 \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \uc6b4\uc601\uccb4\uc81c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc708\ub3c4\uc6b0\ub098 macOS\uc640\ub294 \ub2ec\ub9ac, \ub9c8\uc6b0\uc2a4 \ud074\ub9ad \ub300\uc2e0 \uba85\ub839\uc5b4\ub97c \uc785\ub825\ud558\uc5ec \uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ucc98\uc74c\uc5d0\ub294 \ub0af\uc124 \uc218 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc775\uc219\ud574\uc9c0\uba74 \ube60\ub974\uace0 \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc778 \uc791\uc5c5\uc774 \uac00\ub2a5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1.\ud30c\uc77c \ubc0f \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac \uad00\ub828 \uba85\ub839\uc5b4\u2714\ufe0fls (list)\ud604\uc7ac \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\uc758 \ud30c\uc77c \ubc0f \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac \ubaa9\ub85d\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4. ls: \ud604\uc7ac \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\uc758 \ud30c\uc77c \ubc0f \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac \ubaa9\ub85d\uc744 \uac04\ub7b5\ud558\uac8c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.ls -l: \ud30c\uc77c \ubc0f \ub514\ub809\ud1a0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc0c1\uc138 \uc815\ubcf4(\uad8c\ud55c, \uc18c\uc720\uc790, \ud06c\uae30, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1120","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux","category-uncategorized","missing-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.freelifemakers.org\/wordpress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1120","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.freelifemakers.org\/wordpress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.freelifemakers.org\/wordpress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.freelifemakers.org\/wordpress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.freelifemakers.org\/wordpress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1120"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/www.freelifemakers.org\/wordpress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1120\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4244,"href":"https:\/\/www.freelifemakers.org\/wordpress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1120\/revisions\/4244"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.freelifemakers.org\/wordpress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1120"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.freelifemakers.org\/wordpress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1120"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.freelifemakers.org\/wordpress\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1120"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}